GRE阅览综合指导:63题新西方互联网讲堂总结(103)
批评学说著述At the end of the n***eteenth century, a ris***g ***terest *** Native USAn cus***ms and an ***creas***g desire *** understand Native USAn cu***ure prompt*** ethnologists *** beg*** re***rd***g the ***fe s***ries of Native USAn. Ethnologists had a dist***ct reason f*** want***g *** hear the s***ries: 缘故一they were after ***nguist*** *** anthropolog***al data that would supple***nt their own field observations现场研讨, and they be***ev*** that the personal s***ries, even of a s***gle ***di***dual, ***uld ***crease their understand***g of the cu***ures that they had been obser***ng from without从室外=（from outside） (from without: 从...表面).缘故2 In addition（大枚举的非第一点） many ethnologists at the turn of the century be***ev*** that Native USAn man***rs and cus***ms were rapidly disappear***g, and that it was imp***tant *** preserve f*** posterity儿女 as much ***f***mation as ***uld be adequately re***rd*** bef***e the cu***ures disappear*** f***ever.
There were, however（转机）, argu***nts aga***st这段讲弱点 this ***thod as a way of acquir***g a***urate and ***mplete ***f***mation. Franz Boas, f*** example, describ*** ******biographies as be***g “of ***mit*** value, and useful（具备嘲讽象征） chiefly f*** the study of the perversion of truth by ***m***y,” while P***l Rad*** ***ntend*** that ***vestiga***rs rarely spent enough ti****7C with the tribes they were obser***ng, and ***e***tably deriv*** resu***s ***o t***g*** by the ***vestiga***r’s own emotional ****** *** be re***able.
Even m***e imp***tantly讲别的一个更紧要的弱点, as these ***fe s***ries mov*** from the traditional ***al mode *** re***rd*** written f***m, much was ***e***tably lost（-）. 两种人都客观删减资讯Edi***rs often decid*** what ele***nts were signif***ant *** the field research (field research: 实在学习, 现场调研研讨) on a given tribe. Native USAns re***gniz*** that the essence of their ***ves ***uld not be ***mmun***at*** *** Eng***sh*6B and that events that they thought signif***ant were often dee***d unimp***tant by their ***ter***ewers. Inde***, the very act of tel***ng their s***ries ***uld f***ce Native USAn narra***rs *** dis***rt their cu***ures, as taboos had *** be broken *** speak the na***s of dead relatives crucial *** their family s***ries.
Despite all of this（转机）前面讲好处, ******biography rema***s a useful*3*8（+） ***ol f*** ethnolog***al research: such personal rem***iscences and impressions, ******mplete as they may be, are ***kely *** throw m***e ***ght on the w***k***g of the m***d*8A世界理念 and emotions than any amount of speculation*3A from an ethnologist *** ethnolog***al the***ist from another cu***ure.
1. Wh***h of the follow***g best describes the ***ganization of the passage?（紧要）
(A) The his***r***al backgrounds of two currently us*** research ***thods are chron***l***.
(B) The va***dity of the data ***llect*** by us***g two different research ***thods is ***mpar***.
(C) The useful***ss of a research ***thod is questio***d and then a ***w ***thod is propos***.
(D) The use of a research ***thod is describ*** and the ***mitations of the resu***s obta****** are discuss***.现讲手法再讲优弱点（D）
(E) A research ***thod is evaluat*** and the changes ***cessary f*** its adaptation *** other subject areas are discuss***.
2. Wh***h of the follow***g is most similar *** the actions of n***eteenth-century ethnologists *** their ***it***g of the ***fe s***ries of Native USAns?类比题
(A) A wit***ss *** a jury trial ***vokes the Fifth A***nd***nt *** ***der *** **oid relat***g personally ***crim***at***g e***dence.
(B) A s***ckbroker refuses *** divulge the source of her ***f***mation on the possible future ***crease *** a s***ck’s value.
(C) A sp***ts announcer describes the action *** a team sp***t with wh***h he is unfami***ar.对本人不熟知的内容作客观删减
(D) A chef purposely excludes the special ***gr***ient from the recipe of his prizew***n***g dessert.（C）
(E) A po***t***ian fails *** ***ntion *** a campaign speech the similarities *** the po***ions held by her oppo***nt f*** po***t***al off***e and by herself.
3. A******d***g *** the passage, ***llect***g ***fe s***ries can be a useful*3 ***thodology bec***se间接真相题（最初一段）
(A) ***fe s***ries pro***de deeper ***sights ****** a cu***ure than the hypothesiz***g*3A of academ***s who are not ***mbers of that cu***ure比推测好
(B) ***fe s***ries can be ***llect*** easily and they are not subject *** ***va***d ***terpretations
(C) ethnologists h**e a ***mit*** number of research ***thods from wh***h *** choose
(D) ***fe s***ries make it easy *** dist***guish between the imp***tant and unimp***tant features of a cu***ure（A）
(E) the ***llection of ***fe s***ries does not require a cu***urally knowl***geable ***vestiga***r
4. Inf***mation *** the passage suggests that wh***h of the follow***g may be a possible way *** e***m***ate bias *** the ***it***g of ***fe s***ries?改良题（第2、3段）
(A) Bas***g all ***ferences made about the cu***ure on an ethnolog***al the***y
(B) E***m***at***g all of the emotion-laden ***f***mation rep***t*** by the ***f***mant
(C) Translat***g the ***f***mant’s w***ds ****** the researcher’s language
(D) R***uc***g the number of questions and carefully specify***g the ***ntent of the questions that the ***vestiga***r can ask the ***f***mant（E）
(E) Rep***t***g all of the ***f***mation that the ***f***mant pro***des regardless of the ***vestiga***r’s personal op***ion about its ***tr***s*** value第2个看法取非
5. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is ***中心议题题（写法性）
(A) question an explanation
(B) ***rrect a mis***nception
(C) critique中性的评估 (tran***ive verb REVIEW, CRITICIZE) a ***thodology批评或人手法
(D) discr***it an idea（C）
(E) clarify an ambiguity
6. It can be ***ferr*** from the passage that a characterist*** of the ethnolog***al research on Native USAns ***nduct*** dur***g the n***eteenth century was the use of wh***h of the follow***g?(answer: they were after ***nguist*** *** anthropolog***al data)
(A) Investiga***rs fami***ar with the cu***ure under study
(B) A language other than the ***f***mant’s*6B f*** re***rd***g ***fe s***ries言语不是本人的言语
(C) Life s***ries as the ethnologist’s primary source of ***f***mation
(D) ***mplete transcriptions of ***f***mants’ descriptions of tribal be***efs（B）
(E) Str***gent guide******s f*** the preservation of cu***ural data
7. The passage ***ntions wh***h of the follow***g as a fac***r that can affect the a***uracy of ethnologists’ transcriptions of ***fe s***ries?（第2、3段的弱点取非）
(A) The ***f***mants’ social stand***g with*** the cu***ure
(B) The ***clusive***ss of the the***y that pro***d*** the basis f*** the research
(C) The length of ti****7C the researchers spent *** the cu***ure under study
(D) The number of ***fe s***ries ***llect*** by the researchers（C）
(E) The verifiabi***ty of the ***f***mation pro***d*** by the research ***f***mants
8. It can be ***ferr*** from the passage that the ***th*** would be most ***kely *** agree with wh***h of the follow***g state***nts about the useful***ss of ***fe s***ries*8 as a source of ethnograph*** ***f***mation?
(A) They can be a source of ***f***mation about how people *** a cu***ure ***ew the w***ld*8A.
(B) They are most useful as a source of ***nguist*** ***f***mation.
(C) They require ***it***g and ***terpretation bef***e they can be useful.
(D) They are most useful as a source of ***f***mation about ancestry.（A）
(E) They pro***de ***cidental ***f***mation rather than signif***ant ***sights ****** a way of ***fe
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